Eye Disease Prevalence in the World

One of the most important among the sensory apparatus eye health is a crucial concern for humans. A large eye industry exists all over the World to prevent or treat anomalies in the vision caused by a plethora of deficiencies, malpractice, and disease. 

Though nothing to boast about medical care is a business and a vast industry that caters to a vast array of health problems. Parallel to the healthcare industry is the drug or pharmaceutical industry which is of vital importance to health care.  In the year market for global eye care size stood at over USD 66  billion and is growing at the rate of CAGR of 3.8%.   

Rapid digitalization, increasing use of handheld devices with dazzling front-end screens, TV, and lifestyle changes are leading to the rapid rise in ocular disorders. Almost 2.2 billion people comprising one-fourth of the human population suffer from myopia or presbyopia.  Most of these problems have become so common that sufferers take them very lightly and this is leading to major ophthalmic abnormalities. Neglect is the major reason behind retina and cornea damage at a later stage often leading to complete blindness.

Refractive Eye Surgery Device Market Size     

Almost all ophthalmic procedures are technology dependent using devices to rectify refractive eye errors in patients. Some of the technologies in use are:

• ·         Da Vinci (Robotic Device)
• ·         Lasik (Laser Driven)
• ·         Smile
• ·         PRK

The device market size for refractive procedures stood at 195 million USD. By 2032 this industry would scale 446 million USD growing at the rate of 7.7% CAGR.

Laser eye surgery or LASIK is one of the segments with the largest share among refractive eye surgery medical devices. This is due to the immense popularity of laser-driven treatment the benefits of this device are well-known even to the common man. The greatest burden of eye disorders has increased in less developed countries and developing economies. LASIK procedures are very commonly applied in eye hospitals and their use is growing. Lasik is one of the procedures applied in refractive eye surgery globally.  The other procedures are applied in specific cases depending upon the mode of treatment preferred by the ophthalmic surgeon.   

Role of Nutrition

Diabetes and micronutrient deficiencies lead to vision impairment. Diabetes especially leads to retinal neuropathy which if not treated in time can lead to refractive eye problems and blindness at a later stage.  Glaucoma is another major threat to eye vision and is caused by abnormal eye pressure that damage the optic nerve. It is undetectable at an early stage, and the symptoms appear gradually, sometimes they appear too late for timely treatment. If you notice black or blind spots in your vision, then it is time to make rush for an eye specialist without any delay. Though the abnormality strikes people over sixty, it could affect teens and small children as well.  Remember!

Most eye diseases could be cured by a proper and healthy diet. A deficiency of vitamins and trace elements aggravates vision problems in old people. People over sixty should consult an expert in nutrition to prevent eye disease. The nutrition experts guide people to a healthy diet containing micronutrients and a good lifestyle.

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in India

 The life-saving coronary artery bypass was first performed in the USA in 1960 by Robert Goetz, but the surgery though successful could not extend the life span beyond thirteen months. Discouraged perhaps he did not repeat the efforts. It was in 1962 that David Sabiston performed the next which was not successful, anyway the process had started, and eventually, coronary surgery success came much later after some of these disheartening results.

India has a long history of understanding heart functions right from the Vedic Times onwards. The palliative and curative roles of Yoga and transcendental meditation were understood well, and effectively applied but these were more lifestyle improvement factors that assisted the heart functions. Yoga and TM are still in vogue for improvement in general health including vital organs.

In spite of our heritage knowledge dating back to 4000 BC, there was a gap in the research and development of surgical interventions that are being used today to treat various cardiac malfunctions.

Our knowledge is acquired from dominant institutions and scientific fraternity pioneers in the research and development of health sciences. Nevertheless, with a solid healthcare system empowered by sacred institutions of learning and well-equipped hospitals, we are providing the best health treatments at much lower costs than in many other countries.

India has some of the finest surgeons that excel in cardiac surgery and doctors experienced in the noninvasive treatment of ailments.

Modern Cardiology in India was established in the post-World War II period. The Cardiology Society of India was formed in the year 1948 thus opening the door for future surgeries and treatments. . Interestingly this was before the American College of Cardiology in the year 1949. In a short time, many societies and communities were formed which contributed to the development of cardiac science in India.

The first positive developments in cardiac surgical treatments took birth in AIIMS New Delhi. Subsequently, an army of teachers proliferated medical colleges and some of the complex surgeries were performed by doctors in Indian hospitals in that era.

CABG has now become a common surgical intervention and more than 800,000 surgeries are performed globally. The first CABG was performed successfully by doctor K.M. Cherian in Chennai in India.

The global coronary artery bypass graft market size was a whopping 77.6 million in the year 2016 with an annual CAGR of 5.8 percent. The key drivers are the introduction of technology besides the rise in the prevalence of CAD, CHD, and MI. The rise in the prevalence of heart-associated diseases and hypertension is also a contributory factor that is propelling CABG.

Modern lifestyle factors are worsening human health and contributing to various ailments. Some of the common lifestyle factors are excessive consumption of alcohol, smoking, consumption of junk food universally, and a sedentary lifestyle among the affluent.

CABG was first performed in India in the year 1975 almost a decade later and since then the country performs more than 60000 CABG or coronary artery bypass graft surgery every year. As a matter of fact, stent implants and bypass surgery are routinely performed in many hospital chains spread all over the metros and two-tier towns. Stents are manufactured in India for those undergoing angioplasty and stent implants.

Both open heart and beating heart surgeries are performed in the country. While the former is done using a heart and lung machine, the off-pump or beating heart procedure is performed without the machine. This is done by stabilizing the part of the heart the surgeon is operating on using a special medical device. Beating heart surgery is a low-risk option besides early discharge from the hospital and quicker recovery are the other benefits that accrue. Many different types of procedures are performed nowadays using the off-pump or beating heart procedure.

In an open procedure where the beating comes to rest, a restart is required after the procedure is over and this can be risky if the tissue is damaged during the process known as reperfusion.

India offers coronary artery bypass surgery in the top hospitals at a reasonable cost thus fortifying its status as a hub of health care delivery hub in Asia. The success rate of cardiac surgeries including CABG is as high as ninety-eight percent. The cost of this procedure ranges from 100000 t0 500000 INR.

The prices are lower in smaller hospitals and those established in smaller towns. Nevertheless, the service is and medical outcomes stand good with an equal rate of success. The varied hospital setup and availability of a large number of specialists assure low-cost treatments of cardiac ailments in the country.

Cost ranges higher in the best hospital chains established in metros and major towns of India. The augmentation is due to the luxuries and amenities provided, some of which are tantamount to the luxury of five-star hotels. Even with all the star facilities and ambiance, the cost of CABG in the country is far lower than that provided by most Asian and EU Countries including the USA.

Spinal Deformities in India and its Treatments

A vital skeletal masterpiece by the creator, the spine or the vertebral column comprises 33 vertebras. These vertebras are simple bony structures that are compact and shaped like a marshmallow. It is the vertebral arch and body both are part of this single bone structure. It is the vertebral body that acts as a balance and bears the weight of the spine which in turn bears the weight of the upper body to a great extent. The vertebras are interlinked by a cushion, the intervertebral discs that accord great flexibility to the structure that is responsible for balancing our stance and the biomechanical movements.     

Spinal Structure & Deformities 

Much depends upon the shape of the spinal column not only for composure but also for cosmetics. While the latter does not create problems the former certainly does. A deformity results in bending and stooping and difficulty in standing erect.  

The upper spine with a greater-than-normal curve is deformed and this is called kyphosis and which can cause sagittal imbalance. Other conditions that can cause sagittal imbalance are hyperkyphosis, chin-on-chest syndrome, flatback syndrome, and ankylosing spondylitis. This type of imbalance causes stooping, and difficulty in looking ahead and if it exceeds the limit, it can compress vital organs in the chest. 

Idiopathic scoliosis  

Scoliosis happens due to side-to-side curvature of 100 either on one side (C) or on both sides (S). This is caused by adolescent idiopathic and degenerative scoliosis, neuromuscular imbalances, congenital anomalies, and tumors. Unfortunately, this can impact the heart as well as the lungs but on rare occasions. 

If interference in internal organs occurs surgical intervention may be required.  The surgery is not a cure but rather it is a correction. 

Treatment is provided if surgical intervention is not needed to alleviate pain and other systems associated with the malady.  

Corrections and Stabilization 

The main procedures are: 

• Posterior Column Osteotomy 

• Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy

• Vertebral Column Resection

• Spinopelvic Fixation

Osteotomy creates 10 to 25 degrees of correction. This procedure removes little bone from the vertebral arch. This is useful in correcting long curves in patients suffering from kyphosis.  This operation can be performed at several levels. Very little removal of bone takes place in the osteotomy. 

More bone is removed in pedicle subtraction osteotomy than in the procedure described above. Here removal of pedicles that connect the vertebral arch to the vertebral body part which itself is removed. This procedure can be combined with osteotomy and the correction achieved is to the extent of 30deg.    

Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy is used to correct: 

• Ankylosing spondylitis

• Flatback syndrome

• Angular kyphosis 

• C-shaped scoliosis

VCR or Vertebral Column Resection

A large portion of bone is removed in VCR much more than removal in the previous procedures described here. Implants called cages are used to replace the vertebrae. Cages are basically bone grafts used as implants. After the bone grafts heal screws and rods are used to restore stability. This procedure provides a correction of 80deg plus. 

In VCR more vertebrae can be removed to accord a greater degree of correction. 

In this procedure called Spinopelvic Fixation hardware comes into the picture. In this, screws, rods, or other elements are rigidly connecting the base of the spinal column and the bones of the hip. This procedure helps put the strain off healing bone fusion. The stress during bending and rotation betwixt the lumbar spine and the sacrum at the joint. 

Spinal surgical interventions are difficult procedures and are performed in special hospital theatres by expert surgeons. The healthy vertebrae column that is well structured needs no intervention it is when a structural anomaly develops or happens at birth then intervention is required. Surgery may not be the necessary recourse if non-surgical treatments are able to mitigate suffering. 

India has the largest cases of spinal deformities in the World. A nationwide screening takes place in the country to find out the extent every year.  

This surgery is performed in many major hospitals, especially those dealing with neurosurgery. The average cost of kyphosis or hunchback surgery in India is Rs. 374,000.00 while the cost is about USD 140000 in the USA. 

The average cost of surgical interventions in Indian hospitals ranges from Rs.180,000 to Rs.800,000 depending upon the complexity.   The cost in the country also depends upon the medical facility chosen and the city it is based in. In the metros and capital cities cost is higher than in 2-tier towns. But very few hospitals will perform complex operations related to the spine in 2 tier cities in India.  

Each of the kyphosis cases is unique and the treatments or surgical procedure varies as well. A customized plan will include various therapies before and after the operation hence the cost of cumulative procedures would rise. Physiotherapy and chiropractic care may be required in some cases the latter being an alternate healing process used in correcting mechanical disorders in musculoskeletal systems. Often home exercise with corrective bracing is prescribed post-treatment.  

Looking at the gravity of the procedures used for correcting scoliosis surgery should be the last resort. It can alter a patient’s life for good or bad.    

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Treating Malaria in India

The disease is widely prevalent all over the country and has become a scourge resulting in many deaths. The malaria pathogen is transmitted to humans through blood from bites of female Anopheles mosquitoes. Over a number of years, the parasitic protozoan has diversified into many strains some yet to be discovered. Single-celled microorganism is classified as spasmodic types.   

While vivax, ovale and malariae cause many symptoms P.falciparum is the one that is the cause of many deaths in India.  The usual symptoms are chills and fever, nausea and vomiting, lethargy, and even death. In advanced stages, the skin may become yellow as some strains affect the lever and cause jaundice.     

Blood tests are the usual mode of detecting the parasite in the blood but lately, quicker tests have been developed but their efficacy is in doubt. It will usually take three or more blood tests to detect the parasite but this is a better way to detect the infection in time and prevent aggravation of symptoms later.   

The treatment for malaria is a combination of three injections of artemisinin and seven doses of quinine tablets of 300 mg each. This treatment eliminates the parasite from the blood. This is then followed by fourteen days of primaquine treatment to eliminate pathogens from the liver. The malaria treatment using quinine and its derivatives is troublesome with side effects like nausea, vomiting, digestive discomfort, and giddiness to name a few. Hence medicines for the prevention of these symptoms are administered orally along with the course.     

As a preventive measure doxycycline is prescribed on regular basis, especially for overseas visitors traveling to malaria-affected countries like India.  Other preventive measures are mosquito repellent in form of lotions and oils, nets, incense sticks, and electronic devices that discourage the mosquitoes in their range.      

The disease should always be treated under the supervision of a qualified practitioner and self-medication could be dangerous.  Treatments differ and it is up to the doctor to prescribe medicines most suited. 

The cause of the proliferation and spread of malaria-carrying mosquitoes are many prominent being accumulated and stagnant water, lack of hygiene, and paucity of precautions. Fogging machines are useful to eradicate insects from their surroundings.
Mosquito occurrence can lead to many kinds of infections hence be aware!  

Diabetic News

Diabetes if not debilitating directly can have damaging implications if not treated properly. The disease makes itself conspicuous by the presence of sugar in the bloodstream beyond the acceptable level. This occurs due to the inability of the pancreas to make insulin in the required amount or the inability to process sugar in the blood. 

Most medicine work by controlling the release of sugar from the liver. The medicine also assists in the production of insulin as well as in the processing. Although the malady strikes at any age these days some lifestyle factors are responsible as well. In many instances, the malady is hereditary and passed on from parents to children.   

Apart from medicine, an ideal method of limiting the sugar in the body is to exercise control through diet and a physical regimen like a daily brisk walk. For those suffering from this ailment, the food should comprise of vegetables, meats, and fruits with a low glycemic index. By all means, sugar, foods with a high glycemic index, and carbohydrates should be avoided or limited.

The incidence of diabetes in India is rising strikingly may be due to genetic predisposition or some lifestyle factors. But the disease is widely prevalent in the developed World and on the rise.   

The inability to control blood sugar can manifest in consequences that could lead to kidney damage, stress on the circulatory system as well as damage to the retina leading to blindness. Compounded by other lifestyle disorders diabetes can be deadly.    

There is a general evolution in the treatment of the disease and newer drugs are being discovered. Two drugs target the protein receptor PPARgamma and activate it to control blood sugar.  

New Diabetes Treatment Read On. 

Male Infertility & Treatment

In earlier times the inability to bear a child was squarely blamed on woman. With all the associated dogmas that are attributed to a woman unable to bear a child life became miserable for the unfortunate.  

The failure of conception to take place can be due to an infertile male as well. Hence after proper tests and diagnostics it is determine who needs corrective treatment. With advance therapies available conception is possible.    

Males become infertile due to lack of proper amount of sperms. The sperms could also be deformed and have no motility to fertilise the egg. Blockages is the reproductive apparatus can also hinder fertilisation of egg.  The problems could be hormonal, genetic and autoimmune,  There are many underlying medical inadequacies that require a look into through tests before corrective action can be taken.

Usually the treatment is improvement in lifestyle as well as usage of assisted conception techniques. Chronic alcoholism and tobacco use are responsible for low sperm count. The modified IVF treatment used are GIFT & ZIFT. The former is gamete intrafallopian transfer and zygote intrafallopian transfer. these are modified versions of IVF. These procedures are closer to natural conception. But the procedures require invasive interventions hence IVF procedure is preferred treatment all over.   

What is assisted reproduction?

Being childless for a long time can be a frustrating experience for couples. In earlier times the sole blame of barrenness lay on the female and much less on men. This resulted in many broken marriages especially in Asian countries like India.

With advance of modern science and research the causes of infertility are now well known. The research and medical training has wrenched the treatment of infertility from the quacks. The treatment now is systematic medical approach that results in high degree of success. The treatment is carried out in infertility treatment clinics that are well equipped to treat the anomalies that lie in reproductive system of male or female body. The doctor heading the fertility clinic is an expert in fertility treatment with years of experience. 

The main causes of infertility in females are blocked fallopian tubes, irregularity in releasing eggs, and premature stoppage of menstrual cycle in young women and due to major illness. The male infertility causes are lack of motile sperms, dead sperms and overall low sperm count.

The treatments are many i.e. many methods are employed on case basis. Amongst childless couples method adopted depends upon who is afflicted and how? The fertility expert is the best judge for treatment that is to take place.

Some methods for treating infertility are known as IVF or in vitro fertilization, ICSI or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, ovarian drilling, embryo transfer, egg donation and so on. The medical treatment for infertility is usually not costly in Asian countries like India. In this case hospital stay is not required extensively though for outside couples they will have to stay in hotel accommodation or guest house etc while the treatment is being carried out.       

Alternative medicines

Before the discovery of modern allopathic drugs and surgical procedures man had to rely on nature for cures and preventions. He relied on vegetation that grew around him for treatments. In the later period of man’s history allopathic drugs and modern surgery came into picture. 

Modern medicinal system proved very effective and cured diseases that natural herbs could not. The system proved best for prevention and treatment of much disease like TB which caused many deaths. The time came whence there was total reliance on modern systems. But as time went past the harmful effects or side effects of many drugs began to be known.

In order to counter the side effects of allopathic systems homeopathy was invented by Dr. Heinemann of Germany. Ayurvedic system of medicine was already being practiced in India but the rest of the World knew little about it.

In recent times the cost factor also came into consideration and the effort to discover alternative systems for prevention, treatment and cures intensified. As a result many alternative systems for disease treatment have come into picture. Some with intense research have been accepted by the society.  The benefits of others are being realized as time progresses.

Most notable has been the treatment of heart and blood vessel related diseases. Current procedures for treatment of cardiac diseases are costly, risky and invasive. Alternative heart disease treatments most popular are ACT, non invasive by pass and angio cardiography which again is safe and a non surgical procedure. 

Another good alternate resource is the chelation therapy which removes heavy metals from blood vessels which are the cause of deposits in the blood vessels.
   
Similarly many methods, procedures and drugs are being developed that have less side effects and are safer. In time to come suffering of human society will be reduced. Special thanks should be forwarded to those who are constantly researching – doctors, scientists and amateurs.  

Common heart disease

Human heart is one of the strongest group of muscles in the body. It is defined as myogenic muscular organ and is composed of cardiac muscles. Human heart is a four chambered heart with intricate network of blood vessels - veins and arteries. 

In order to sustain life the organ has to beat rhythmically throughout. Being the strongest organ on the body it does so. But sometimes it is affected by disease that reduce or stall its function and threaten life. Most of the disease among men and women are caused by improper life style or genetics. Sometimes the heart disease could be congenital prevalent since birth. 

High blood pressure is widespread among people of all age groups it can go undetected if regular check ups are not carried out. The malady arises out of constricted blood vessel due to accumulation of fat substances or hardening of vessels.      

Coronary heart disease occurs whence adequate supply of blood does not reach the heart due to constricted blood vessels. The can occur due to coronary artery disease where plaque is deposited in the inner linings of the arteries. Coronary heart disease can occur from some other causes as well. The disease leads to angina pain or heart attack. 

Cardiomyopathy causes deterioration of heart muscles or the myocardium. This is a serious condition and can lead to abnormal electric activity in the heart or sudden death.

Cardiovascular diseases are a large number of disease which affect the blood vessel system or the heart itself. This could happen due to associated causes like diabetes and high blood pressure.

Types of cardiovascular disease include:

Ischaemic heart disease

Atherosclerosis

There are many types of heart disease associated with valves, major vessels of the heart and inflammation. 

Though prevention is the best cure one should regularly visit a cardiac center for routine check up. There  are many affordable heart treatment centers that provide good health care in India and the World. One should visit such places for diagnosis and treatment if required.      

Through  proper health regimen heart disease prevention is a wise step. Heart disease like high blood pressure angina pain and coronary diseases can be treated successfully in diagnosed in time.   

The modern diagnostic methods are proving life savers by detecting anomalies early. The expert cardiologists play a vital role in treatment of the coronary and heart diseases. Timely treatment and good lifestyle can secure the lives of many people.   

Infertility treatment tit bits

Medical procedures for treatment of fertility

For centuries Chinese have been treating infertility in men and women using acupuncture. Re balancing bio electric channels that governs major reproductive organs of the body is the main objective. This procedure inducts healing changes in reproductive organs both in male and female.   

Common house hold chemicals and those found in cosmetics may have retrogressive effect in fertility in women. Though the negative impact is not apparent it may be in the near future. A large number of females have reported irregular menstrual cycle as a result of chemical hitherto thought to be inactive. 

Many sterile couples are resorting holistic therapies and natural healing solutions for treating infertility. Most of these methods are safe without any adverse reaction. The treatment consists of regulating diet, stress free lifestyle and exercise. There is more emphasis on healthy diet free of cholesterol and fats. Fresh vegetables, fruits, foods rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals, abstinence from alcohol and smoking are some solutions that are effective.      

The usual method of treatment is in infertility cure clinics offering IVF procedure all over the World. But many barren couples are seeking alternate fertility solutions. Homeopathy, acupuncture, life style change, Ayurveda are some of the medical systems that can offer a cure.     

As the incidence of infertility among males and females rises all over the Worldwide a deeper insight is required. Since the causes may very with induction of toxic chemicals and  emerging disease patterns and lifestyle new method should be found for treatment. Modern system of medicine has provided effective solution to increase fertility. But factors like cost of the treatments, unavailability of specialist doctors and clinics and personal reasons can make patients look for alternatives all over the World.        

Heart disease diagnosis using medical imaging

Medical imaging comprises of variety of technique used to scan and take images of various parts of human body. The purpose is clinical and diagnostic in nature. Medical imaging is by and large a part of biological imaging and is often used research and in studies besides diagnosis

Medical imagery incorporates various discipline of science like nuclear, radiology, photography endoscopy and microscopy. In clinics radiology is used most often by expert radiologists. Hence in broader sense imaging for purpose is a sub discipline of medical engineering and medicine. 

The primary benefits are safety, cost and better diagnostic. Medical imaging plays an important role in this method of treatment and diagnosis. It assists non surgical disease diagnosis and hence treatment.         

The developments in the field of imagery for clinical and medical purposes have changed the entire paradigm of disease management. With further development in health sciences non invasive cardiology is becoming popular. The techniques find extensive use in heart disease treatment especially for diagnosing blocked arteries and other heart blockages.

Though these techniques are mostly non invasive but do incorporate invasive technique where ever necessary. Angiography is one such example of fluoroscopy where catheter guidance is required. Though purely applicable to cardiology, neuroscience and psychology medical imaging finds application in industries and scientific research.

In case of cardiology these techniques are used in coronary angiography and 3 D angio-cardiography. While in case of angiography, diagnosis is an invasive technique, the latter is non invasive process. In case of 3 D angio-cardiography data acquisition is carried out using and machine. The next step is DSP or digital signal processing along with VAD or Vertical acceleration detector to record blood flow pattern during various stages of heart function or cardiac cycles. Thus various data accumulated by this method is used to determine blockages with application of cartography.

Diagnosing heart disease has become safer due to non interventional processes. This is useful in angina pain treatment by detecting blood flow in the heart muscles and blockages. Non surgical procedures in case of heart treatment are being looked into with great hope.

Miscarriage & Infertility

Though treated differently repeated miscarriage is an infertility problem. The cause of miscarriage is could be ectopic pregnancy where in the the fertilized ovum is planted outside the uterus. A rupture can lead to pregnancy loss. This is emotionally shattering to the women.  

Due to some infertile conditions miscarriage can happen repeatedly or women undergoing fertility treatment can have repeated IVF failures. Some women due to following causes are more prone: Scarred fallopian tubes, Endometriosis, Tubal reversal, IUD usage, pelvic diseases, defective fallopian tubes smoking, some history of infertility. 

Repeated miscarriage is suggestive of some fertility problem in many cases. This could have genetic reason or abnormality in the uterus.  In such circumstances it is advisable to go in for testing and fertility treatment if required.

By addressing the reproductive system a fertility specialist doctor can help eliminate the root cause of the malady. Severe endometriosis, genetic defects in embryo, alcoholic or smoking women and old age pregnancy has to handled with greater care during assisted reproduction .   

To detect genetic defects chromosome analysis is performed on the women, fetus and the male partner. In some cases  especially where the uterus has structural faults surgery may be required. Hormone therapy can also help in preventing miscarriages where hormonal abnormality is the cause.       

Alternative heart care in India

Heart by all means is a vital organ of the body without it efficient functioning we will not survive. For ages heart care was center of attention among humans. In modern society whence stress and strain are at peak among men and women heart care becomes more important.

Stressful lifestyle, stress and strain relate to many anomalies in our circulatory system as whole. the negative effect is most on the heart. Coronary artery blockage and high blood pressure are the most prevalent form of maladies that have struck people of all ages in all countries. 

Heart disease treatment is available in many forms. The most popular method is to treat the organ with medicines. In case of greater damage to the organ surgery and invasive diagnosis is required. The method is costly and fraught with risks. Hence heart patients have always been searching for cost effective procedures that offer relief and cure. 

Angiography is the most widespread procedure used for diagnosis of coronary artery blockages. But it is invasive and fraught with risks. The major risk is of dye rejection which can result in kidney damage. The alternative to angiography is 3D angiocardiography which is non invasive and affordable. It can be performed in short time in the coronary angiography clinics  or heart hospitals. The latest development is color 3D  angioangiography which is more effective. 

Another alternative treatment is ACT or artery clearance therapy.  Using an infusion of chemicals or medicines. This procedure is effective in clearing the blood vessels by disintegrating toxic metals in the blood stream. Hence the main cause of blockage is effectively removed.       

Chelation therapy is used to relieve angina pain. This is non surgical painless way to restore blood supply to muscles of the heart. the procedure involves use of EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra-Acetic Acid) as infusion. This is introduced in the body by drips. This is effective in removing heavy metals that cause blockages in the circulatory system and the heart as well.            

This are the alternative and safe methods to treat coronary artery disease in humans. More research is being done in order to find non surgical treatments for heart diseases.